History is something you don’t mess with. Or, at least, you shouldn’t. Something happened. Whatever it was, it was in the past and cannot be changed. People living in the present need to know what happened in the past, so historians document and teach history. If what a person communicates did not happen as told, then it is fiction. If historic events happened precisely as told, but the narrator depicts undisclosed motives, thoughts, or words of the participants, then it remains fiction. History is an attributed description of what happened; fiction is storytelling.
Storytelling is powerful. Philip Pullman said, “Thou shall not is soon forgotten, but Once upon a time lasts forever.” War and Peace, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Gone with the Wind, Animal Farm, Les MisĂ©rables, The Pillars of the Earth and many more attest to Pullman’s wisdom. Presenting history as a story leaves an enduring impression on the reader's mind. It should be the correct impression. This is why the historical novelist has an obligation not to present history deceptively or falsely unless it is clearly identified as alternative history.
The job of a historical novelist is to bring historic characters to life. Give them personality and purpose. Readers then understand that history isn’t just happenstance, but events that real people lived through or even caused. Novelists make the story come alive, but literary license does not pardon hornswoggle.

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